- tube only serves as “into” object, not “from” object. You can use 2 spheres instead, 1 around the torso, and 1 around the head.
- is your terrain named “terrian” ?
Here I use CollisionHandlerGravity to handle ray collision, and CollisionHandlerPusher to handle spheres collision.
I created a dummy node above ralph, since CollisionHandlerGravity wants non scaled node, otherwise it would jitter.
import direct.directbase.DirectStart
from pandac.PandaModules import CollisionTraverser,CollisionNode
from pandac.PandaModules import CollisionHandlerQueue,CollisionRay,CollisionHandlerGravity,CollisionHandlerPusher
from pandac.PandaModules import Filename
from pandac.PandaModules import PandaNode,NodePath,Camera,TextNode, CardMaker
from pandac.PandaModules import Vec3,Vec4,BitMask32
from direct.gui.OnscreenText import OnscreenText
from direct.actor.Actor import Actor
from direct.task.Task import Task
from direct.showbase.DirectObject import DirectObject
import random, sys, os, math
SPEED = 0.5
# Figure out what directory this program is in.
MYDIR=os.path.abspath(sys.path[0])
MYDIR=Filename.fromOsSpecific(MYDIR).getFullpath()
# Function to put instructions on the screen.
def addInstructions(pos, msg):
return OnscreenText(text=msg, style=1, fg=(1,1,1,1),
pos=(-1.3, pos), align=TextNode.ALeft, scale = .05)
# Function to put title on the screen.
def addTitle(text):
return OnscreenText(text=text, style=1, fg=(1,1,1,1),
pos=(1.3,-0.95), align=TextNode.ARight, scale = .07)
class World(DirectObject):
def __init__(self):
self.keyMap = {"left":0, "right":0, "forward":0, "cam-left":0, "cam-right":0}
base.win.setClearColor(Vec4(0,0,0,1))
# Post the instructions
self.title = addTitle("Panda3D Tutorial: Roaming Ralph (Walking on Uneven Terrain)")
self.inst1 = addInstructions(0.95, "[ESC]: Quit")
self.inst2 = addInstructions(0.90, "[Left Arrow]: Rotate Ralph Left")
self.inst3 = addInstructions(0.85, "[Right Arrow]: Rotate Ralph Right")
self.inst4 = addInstructions(0.80, "[Up Arrow]: Run Ralph Forward")
self.inst6 = addInstructions(0.70, "[A]: Rotate Camera Left")
self.inst7 = addInstructions(0.65, "[S]: Rotate Camera Right")
# Set up the environment
self.environ = loader.loadModel(MYDIR+"/models/world")
self.environ.reparentTo(render)
self.environ.setPos(0,0,0)
# Create the main character, Ralph
ralphStartPos = self.environ.find("**/start_point").getPos()
self.ralphDummy=render.attachNewNode('ralphDummyNode')
self.ralph = Actor(MYDIR+"/models/ralph",
{"run":MYDIR+"/models/ralph-run",
"walk":MYDIR+"/models/ralph-walk"})
self.ralph.reparentTo(self.ralphDummy)
self.ralph.setScale(.2)
self.ralphDummy.setPos(ralphStartPos)
# Create a floater object. We use the "floater" as a temporary
# variable in a variety of calculations.
self.floater = NodePath(PandaNode("floater"))
self.floater.reparentTo(render)
# Accept the control keys for movement and rotation
self.accept("escape", sys.exit)
self.accept("arrow_left", self.setKey, ["left",1])
self.accept("arrow_right", self.setKey, ["right",1])
self.accept("arrow_up", self.setKey, ["forward",1])
self.accept("a", self.setKey, ["cam-left",1])
self.accept("s", self.setKey, ["cam-right",1])
self.accept("arrow_left-up", self.setKey, ["left",0])
self.accept("arrow_right-up", self.setKey, ["right",0])
self.accept("arrow_up-up", self.setKey, ["forward",0])
self.accept("a-up", self.setKey, ["cam-left",0])
self.accept("s-up", self.setKey, ["cam-right",0])
taskMgr.add(self.move,"moveTask")
# Game state variables
self.prevtime = 0
self.isMoving = False
# Set up the camera
base.disableMouse()
base.camera.setPos(self.ralphDummy.getX(),self.ralphDummy.getY()+10,2)
# We will detect the height of the terrain by creating a collision
# ray and casting it downward toward the terrain. One ray will
# start above ralph's head, and the other will start above the camera.
# A ray may hit the terrain, or it may hit a rock or a tree. If it
# hits the terrain, we can detect the height. If it hits anything
# else, we rule that the move is illegal.
self.cTrav = CollisionTraverser()
self.environ.setCollideMask(BitMask32.bit(1))
# ralph's radius
#________________________
radius=self.ralph.getSx()*1.3
# collision ray (handled by gravity handler)
#________________________
fromMask=BitMask32.bit(1)
intoMask=BitMask32.allOff()
rcn=self.ralphDummy.attachCollisionRay('ralphRay',0,0,2*radius,0,0,-1,fromMask,intoMask)
self.ralphGroundHandler = CollisionHandlerGravity()
self.cTrav.addCollider(rcn, self.ralphGroundHandler)
self.ralphGroundHandler.addCollider(rcn, self.ralphDummy)
# collision sphere (handled by pusher)
#________________________
fromMask=BitMask32.bit(1)
intoMask=BitMask32.allOff()
scn1=self.ralphDummy.attachCollisionSphere('bottomSphere',0,0,1.5*radius,radius,fromMask,intoMask)
scn2=self.ralphDummy.attachCollisionSphere('topSphere',0,0,3.2*radius,radius,fromMask,intoMask)
self.ralphBodyHandler = CollisionHandlerPusher()
self.cTrav.addCollider(scn1, self.ralphBodyHandler)
self.cTrav.addCollider(scn2, self.ralphBodyHandler)
self.ralphBodyHandler.addCollider(scn1, self.ralphDummy)
self.ralphBodyHandler.addCollider(scn2, self.ralphDummy)
self.ralphDummy.showCS()
self.camGroundRay = CollisionRay()
self.camGroundRay.setOrigin(0,0,1000)
self.camGroundRay.setDirection(0,0,-1)
self.camGroundCol = CollisionNode('camRay')
self.camGroundCol.addSolid(self.camGroundRay)
self.camGroundCol.setFromCollideMask(BitMask32.bit(1))
self.camGroundCol.setIntoCollideMask(BitMask32.allOff())
self.camGroundColNp = base.camera.attachNewNode(self.camGroundCol)
self.camGroundHandler = CollisionHandlerQueue()
self.cTrav.addCollider(self.camGroundColNp, self.camGroundHandler)
# Uncomment this line to see the collision rays
#self.ralphGroundColNp.show()
#self.camGroundColNp.show()
#Uncomment this line to show a visual representation of the
#collisions occuring
self.cTrav.showCollisions(render)
#Records the state of the arrow keys
def setKey(self, key, value):
self.keyMap[key] = value
# Accepts arrow keys to move either the player or the menu cursor,
# Also deals with grid checking and collision detection
def move(self, task):
elapsed = task.time - self.prevtime
# If the camera-left key is pressed, move camera left.
# If the camera-right key is pressed, move camera right.
base.camera.lookAt(self.ralph)
camright = base.camera.getNetTransform().getMat().getRow3(0)
camright.normalize()
if (self.keyMap["cam-left"]!=0):
base.camera.setPos(base.camera.getPos() - camright*(elapsed*20))
if (self.keyMap["cam-right"]!=0):
base.camera.setPos(base.camera.getPos() + camright*(elapsed*20))
# save ralph's initial position so that we can restore it,
# in case he falls off the map or runs into something.
startpos = self.ralphDummy.getPos()
# If a move-key is pressed, move ralph in the specified direction.
if (self.keyMap["left"]!=0):
self.ralphDummy.setH(self.ralphDummy.getH() + elapsed*300)
if (self.keyMap["right"]!=0):
self.ralphDummy.setH(self.ralphDummy.getH() - elapsed*300)
if (self.keyMap["forward"]!=0):
backward = self.ralphDummy.getNetTransform().getMat().getRow3(1)
backward.setZ(0)
backward.normalize()
self.ralphDummy.setPos(self.ralphDummy.getPos() - backward*(elapsed*5))
# If ralph is moving, loop the run animation.
# If he is standing still, stop the animation.
if (self.keyMap["forward"]!=0) or (self.keyMap["left"]!=0) or (self.keyMap["right"]!=0):
if self.isMoving is False:
self.ralph.loop("run")
self.isMoving = True
else:
if self.isMoving:
self.ralph.stop()
self.ralph.pose("walk",5)
self.isMoving = False
# If the camera is too far from ralph, move it closer.
# If the camera is too close to ralph, move it farther.
camvec = self.ralphDummy.getPos() - base.camera.getPos()
camvec.setZ(0)
camdist = camvec.length()
camvec.normalize()
if (camdist > 10.0):
base.camera.setPos(base.camera.getPos() + camvec*(camdist-10))
camdist = 10.0
if (camdist < 5.0):
base.camera.setPos(base.camera.getPos() - camvec*(5-camdist))
camdist = 5.0
# Now check for collisions.
self.cTrav.traverse(render)
# Adjust ralph's Z coordinate. If ralph's ray hit terrain,
# update his Z. If it hit anything else, or didn't hit anything, put
# him back where he was last frame.
# entries = []
# for i in range(self.ralphGroundHandler.getNumEntries()):
# entry = self.ralphGroundHandler.getEntry(i)
# entries.append(entry)
# entries.sort(lambda x,y: cmp(y.getSurfacePoint(render).getZ(),
# x.getSurfacePoint(render).getZ()))
# if (len(entries)>0) and (entries[0].getIntoNode().getName() == "terrain"):
# self.ralph.setZ(entries[0].getSurfacePoint(render).getZ())
# else:
# self.ralph.setPos(startpos)
# Keep the camera at one foot above the terrain,
# or two feet above ralph, whichever is greater.
entries = []
for i in range(self.camGroundHandler.getNumEntries()):
entry = self.camGroundHandler.getEntry(i)
entries.append(entry)
entries.sort(lambda x,y: cmp(y.getSurfacePoint(render).getZ(),
x.getSurfacePoint(render).getZ()))
if (len(entries)>0) and (entries[0].getIntoNode().getName() == "terrain"):
base.camera.setZ(entries[0].getSurfacePoint(render).getZ()+1.0)
if (base.camera.getZ() < self.ralphDummy.getZ() + 2.0):
base.camera.setZ(self.ralphDummy.getZ() + 2.0)
# The camera should look in ralph's direction,
# but it should also try to stay horizontal, so look at
# a floater which hovers above ralph's head.
self.floater.setPos(self.ralphDummy.getPos())
self.floater.setZ(self.ralphDummy.getZ() + 2.0)
base.camera.lookAt(self.floater)
# Store the task time and continue.
self.prevtime = task.time
return Task.cont
w = World()
run()